Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

Cystic Fibrosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cystic Fibrosis, is a genetic disorder of the exocrine glands, affecting children and young people; median survival is 25 years in females and 30 years in males. It is caused by a genetic abnormality in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that results in the disruption of chloride transfer across cell membranes. As a consequence, chloride ions build up in the cells of the lungs and other organs. Water stays inside the cells to dilute the chloride rather than being drawn out of the cells by normal chloride movement and the normal secretions of the organs thicken. Mucus in the exocrine glands becomes thick and sticky and eventually blocks the ducts of these glands (especially in the pancreas, lungs, and liver), forming cysts. The disease also causes the sweat glands to secrete excessive salt, causing heat prostration in hot weather. Symptoms, which vary according to the severity of the condition and the glands involved, include a distended abdomen ; diarrhea; bulky, foul-smelling stools; and malnutrition. Medical problems include nasal polyps and sinus disease, repeated respiratory infections, infertility, liver disease, and diabetes. Diagnosis is confirmed by a sweat test or measurement of transmembrane potential. Treatment consists of dietary adjustment (low fat—high calorie) and the administration of vitamins, pancreatin, and antibiotics to ward off secondary infections. Special measures are necessary to decrease the viscosity of pulmonary secretions; aerosol application of recombinant human DNA, an enzyme that digests the sticky extra cellular DNA that helps form these viscous secretions, was approved in 1993. In some cases lung transplantation is helpful. The identification of the abnormal gene (1989) paved the way for gene therapy aimed at altering the genetic structure by transferring to the patient cells with normal CFTR genes.

White Tailed Deer :: essays research papers

White tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are one of the most common species of mammals seen in North America, the most common of large animals actually. The last official count of deer in the USA and Canada was done in 1982, at which time 15000000 were found at an average of 3 deer in every square kilometer. The deer are very much native and were hunted even by Native Americans. You may have even seen this species yourself. Some of the most common places to find them are in your own backyard, in parks, or even dazed at headlights in the middle of Winton Road. The deer is easy to spot. In the summer, it’s coat is reddish-brown and in the winter it is buff. All year around its underside and tail are completely white as well as having a white spot on its neck. The prime deer habitat consists of deciduous trees, primarily cottonwood, ash, willow, elm and box elder. However preferred, the woodland cover is not essential to the deer’s survival. In many areas, the deer have adapted to eat primarily agricultural crops (crops grown by humans). In many parts of the country, a deer’s diet may consist of up to 50% farm grown corn. Obviously the deer eat some native foods, such as some trees and bushes, particularly buck brush and rose, but along with small amounts of dogwood, chokecherry, plum, red cedar, pine, and many other species of plants. Forbs, particularly sunflowers, are important, however grasses and sedges are used only briefly in spring and fall. White tailed deer are the largest game animal in North America. This is due to their over abundance and annoyance to farmers. An average of 300000 deer are hunted down each year. A tragedy has been another 3000 are hit by cars every year. Many human efforts have been made to prevent these accidents, such as fencing and deer repellents near freeways, but many seem to think that hunting and controlling the population is the best way. When Europeans first settled in North America the white tailed deer were found only in southern parts of Canada.

An Argument For Animal Research :: essays research papers

An Argument For Animal Research Medicine has come a very long way since the days when men used to puncture holes into the skull to release tension or evil spirits. In the last one hundred years, for the sake of humanity, numerous vaccinations have been developed, disease and disorders of all types have been prevented, surgical techniques have been advanced, drugs have been developed to cure ailments and the list continues endlessly. The progress that has been achieved in knowledge as well as safety in medical practice is correlated directly to animal research. It is one argument to control animal research so that needless death of animals are not rendered, but it is absolutely different to argue that animals have rights which supersede human subsistence. "For most of the past decade, the animal-rights movement hasn't merely opposed animal research; it has tried to destroy it." (  ¯The Wall Street Journal ®, "Animals and Sickness", Page 378.) Animal rights advocates and activists generally have ethical objections regarding treatment of animals during experimentation, but the use of animals in research for the benefit of all people is and always will be justifiable. Over 99 percent of all animal experiments are on rats and mice developed expressly for laboratory use. "Less than 1 percent of experiments involve cats, dogs, farm animals, nonhuman primates, frogs, fish, and birds." (  ¯Encyclopedia of Medicine, AMA ®, "Animal Experimentation", Page 110.) Animal rights advocates try to sway public opinion by showing grotesque pictures of destroyed cats, dogs, farm animals, dolphins, and monkeys which account for less than 1 percent of the experiments, yet it seems 99 percent of their advertising and campaigning deal with this one percent. At least the American public realizes even those who portray ethical righteousness can be wrong. For instance, " an American Medical Association ( AMA ) poll found that 77 percent of adults think that using animals in medical research is necessary." (  ¯The Wall Street Journal ®, "Animals and Sickness", Page 378.) It is a curious thing to see animal welfare groups try to hinder animal research by threatening researchers lives and destroying years of data collected. Animal rights groups are promoting even more animal testing because the same tests will have to be repeated to replace the lost data. In every major medical research university there have been some form of nuisance to deter animal testing whether it was a quiet riot or endangering the lives of researchers. Animal rights groups must realize research is done out of necessity for human welfare. Whenever possible alternatives to animal experiments are used. "The development of modern research techniques, such as CAT scans, PET scans,

Chilhood Memory

My Childhood Memory Have you ever had a flashback of a memory from when you were an infant? Or have you ever sat there and wished you were a little kid again? Well that happens to me all the time, and even it you don't remember it probably has happened to you. well I'm going to tell you about a childhood memory that Ive had I remember every Sunday would sit there with my father In the living room and watch scxcer, I was only about 6 years old, and I sat there for hours and watched team after team play.I never knew what was going on, but in some way tound it fascinating. Atter very goal, I'd scream at the top of my lungs out of excitement whoever my dad said was behind I would root for, I don't know why, but always liked the underdog. My father would always order pizza and wings after the first game ended. I was a little girl but that never stopped me from eating about wings and at least two slices of pilla, that was so much I felt Ilke my stomach was about to explode then had to clea n up the mess me and my dad made. ould then go into the living room to watch the end ot the second game. We then would always go get ice cream afterwards always got a chocolate milkshake, my dad got a scoop of vanilla on a ugar cone,

Does Travel Really Broaden the Mind?

Question: Travel is often said to influence travelers by making them more open to other cultures and new ideas. Does travel really broaden the mind? What are some other effects of extended period of travel? Nowadays, travelling has become a lifestyle for people, and it is expanding fast. In a hectic schedule, people are trying to have vacation by travelling. Reasons why people choose travel are because people want to discover new things, have recreation far from the hectic schedule. A lot of motives also affect people to travel.Usually they want to explore, discover, and relaxing. Some say to broaden the mind, but some say it is only a waste of time and money. The advantages of travelling give us cause and effect. People said that travelling influence travelers to have different perspective, different point of view. When we are going on a trip, the culture of the destination creates a new perspective and a new way of living our life. People also tend to copy their surroundings, which is why I can say that travelling also make us have a new good attitude.The effect of these 2 advantages that I stated is our behavior, which can affect other people as well. Next, we discuss about the disadvantages of travel and the negative effects of travelling. Dangerous thing can happen during travel. The safety of the transportation is one of the dangerous things that could happen. Diseases issues are also one of the reasons why travelling can be such if a danger (Travel exposes, 2009, p. Online). For example, when swine flu disease attacked that time, people were scared to travel and they always used mask.The other reason is some people had a perspective that people won’t always need physical travel only to broaden the mind, because the idea expanding the mind can be obtained through having a smart conversation, read books, et cetera (The previous, 2009, p. Online). The last reason is because of other country’s problem. The conflict of a travelling destination i s not what people expect on a vacation. The examples are: policy problem, religion conflict, government issues, et cetera (Does travel p. Online).So there are 2 opinions that are acceptable, but it has not answer the question. Does travel really broaden the mind? People’s opinions does matter, but I can say that it does broaden our mind. The journey itself has given us a new experience in our life. We try new things; we learn new things, et cetera. Reading books does help us broaden the mind, but wouldn’t it be great to experience it ourselves and learn it in our own ways? Mark twain once said â€Å"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow – mindedness. † That is why it affects our perspective.Reaching the conclusion of the essay, we know that through travel people learning and adapting to the culture and diversity of mankind. We also find out that some people won’t always need travel to a new area for broadening the mind. For me, travellin g is a mind broadening and also an experience that can teach us the way we behave. So, the conclusion is travel does broaden the mind but if we spent all of hour time just to keep â€Å"broaden our mind’ it’s not wise as well. In life itself, balancing things are also needed.So to end this essay I can state that the answer is a yes, but it all comes back to the reader: what do you see? References Debate topic – travels broaden the mind (2009), E-notes [online]. Available at: http://www. enotes. com/ref/discuss/debate-topic-travel-broadens-mind-58037 [Accessed 12 January 2012] Does travel really broaden our mind, Correct My Text [online]. Available at: http://www. correctmytext. com/text/139/page1 [Accessed 12 January 2012] Does Travel Really Broaden The Mind? (2009), Running in Heels [online]. Available at: http://runninginheels. co. k/articles/does-travel-really-broaden-the-mind/Travel. (2011), Travellers Backpack [online]. Available at: http://travellersbackp ack. blogspot. com/ [Accessed 16 January 2012] Travel Broadens The Mind (2002), Krenny [online]. Available at: http://www. kreny. com/paper/2/morren/travelbroadensthemind. html [Accessed 12 January 2012] Travel & Tourism: Proof that travel really can broaden the mind (1998), The Independent. Available at: http://www. independent. co. uk/news/education/education-news/travel–tourism-proof-that-travel-really-can-broaden-the-mind-1159877. html [Accessed 12 January 2012]

Business Communication Essay

?Introduction In this assignment I am required to explain the different types of business information used by the business organisation that I have chosen for example; verbal, written, non-verbal, non-written, multimedia etc. I will also be writing their sources and purposes and analysing the different types of information. I will then evaluate the appropriateness of business information used to make strategic decisions. The business that I have chosen is Sainsbury’s. Sainsbury’s is a public limited company (PLC). It is the second largest chains of supermarkets in the United Kingdom in the retailing business. Sainsbury’s was first established with a shop in Drury Lane, and then became the largest grocery retailer in 1922. Sainsbury’s provides food and drink, home and garden, technology, toys, entertainment, clothing and much more for their customers. This comes under the tertiary sector business that provides a valuable service that customers and other businesses are prepared to pay for. From where they had first started throughout the years they have expanded it by selling different varieties of products to satisfy their customers as well as giving them new products to purchase. Types of Information Source Purpose Analysis Verbal- Face to face communication about sales reports between staff and sales manager (meetings). Internal Source- Marketing Department. This is because this department deals with sales as they can give information about the results of research undertaken by Sainsbury’s. Face to face discussions could be used by the marketing department to explain/update by communicating sales promotions. Using this opportunity through the meeting the sales manager will also have an overview of how well the employees are doing their job. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have face to face meetings about sales reports often, so that the company itself knows what needs to be improved and how they are progressing currently. Marketing department helps  this type of verbal communication by updating the company using promotions and sales so they can achieve more profit for themselves and shareholders. Verbal-A telephone conversation about a customer enquiring about a product (staff helping a customer through telephone line checking if the product that customer wants is in stock). External Source- Customer Services Department. This is because customer services deals with customer’s issues or any enquiries they might have to do with the products or the store they can speak to a Sainsbury’s representative. A telephone conversation could be used by the customer’s services department to inform future developments on customer’s response to existing products and services. However Sainsbury’s doesn’t just deal with products, they deal with different types on insurances, mobiles, recruitment and so on. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have telephone conversations with customers because this way they are able to know customer’s opinions about certain topics and anything they would like to enquire about it e.g. products, services Sainsbury’s provide. The customer services department helps this type of communication by informing staff and managers about future developments. Verbal-Speeches about expanding on areas that need s improvement (increasing an amount of tills to avoid customers waiting for a long period of time in the queue). Internal Source- Production Department. This is in this specific department because with production they are able to know what areas need improving and so along with past and future levels of production, this department knows how to deal with it in detail. They are able to know what kind of costs Sainsbury’s will be dealing with in order to expand tills which will then move on to the marketing department. Speeches about expanding on areas that need improvement could be used by inviting support for activities so that Sainsbury’s can avoid bad service coming from their employees. This means an explanation needs to be given to employees and others as it is important for them to know why this new improvement in the business is happening. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have speeches on areas that need improvement because in order for the company to expand and improve, improvement on  amount of tills to avoid customers not only helps improve the company but attra cts more new and existing customers too. Also the production department can help as they can specify what areas need to be developed and write in detail about the costs and spacing will be needed to create the new tills for the store. Written-Web-based information about employment and recruitment (information of the company’s website about vacancies available). Internal Source- Human Resources. This is based in this department because human resources can provide information about the staffing and training within Sainsbury’s. Web-based information displays many benefits of multimedia technology. Web-based information about recruitment can be used by human resources to update knowledge and offer employment through multimedia technology. Sainsbury’s website gives different varieties of choices of job roles. They also provide specific searches to allow the people look for a specific store to work in and the kind of the job role they want. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have web based information about employment and recruitment because this helps the company employ people to work for them. It gives a chance for people to use the website find out what kind of vacancies the company has going on and what sort of rules too. It is important that the human resources department deals with this type of communication as they are aware of what kind of resources is needed to create/improve the website. Written-On screen information about sales, advertising, products and promotions on certain products (e.g. food, homecare, TU clothing etc). Internal Source- Marketing Department. This is sectioned in this department because marketing campaigns, promotions and information about the market, Sainsbury’s can take care of this department well. On screen information about sales and promotions could be used by inviting support for activities for a primary purpose of making a profit. By inviting support for activities they can increase more sales on other products to make more profit. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have on screen information about sales, advertising and promotions on products because with promotions on products the company not only will be able to expand by attracting more customers, b ut they will also be gaining more profit which means more shareholders too. It is important that the marketing department deals with advertising, sales and promotions, because they can give information about the results of research they  undertake, which means they can see what their competitors are doing and how their own company can make improvements. Written-Emails for queries regarding certain topics customer’s would like to discuss (Sainsbury’s bank, recruitment and website technical queries etc). External Source- Customer services department. This is based in the customer services department because consumers are able to discuss what kind of issues they want to with the company. Emails for queries regarding certain topics customers would like to discuss, could be used by informing future developments. This is because a business cannot develop and grow more than how much Sainsbury’s is wanting and aiming for if they do not hear what their customers have to say and so emails is one of the communication techniques so that Sainsbury’s can know their views on certain things. It is important that the company lets customers have access to emailing Sainsbury’s for any kind of queries customers would like to discuss. This is because their opinions and allowing them to express their views will help Sai nsbury’s improve/expand. If Sainsbury’s do this customers will feel satisfied that their opinions are being heard and action is being taken. Also it is important that the customer services department deal with this type of communication because Sainsbury’s can give consumers the information they are wanting to know about existing products or even providing a service. Non-Verbal-Deaf person wanting to know which isle in the store is a product in (asking a staff member). External Source-Human Resources. This is located in this department because employees within the stores can help customers who are deaf and wanting a product within the store hence asking help from a staff member. A deaf person wanting to know where a product is in the store could be used by inviting support for activities as information is very important and needs to be required through communications in order to support the business and keeping it running and successful. However for deaf people Sainsbury’s can hire employees that can communicate with deaf people using sign language. It is important in Sainsbury’s that a deaf person wanting to know where certain things are the employees of this company can help them. By doing this Sainsbury’s are able to show that they provide a service that many other stores might not offer. It is important that it is located in the human resources department because employees who can do sign language can help give information towards the customers who are deaf. Some of these  employees might need training for this and human resources department are able to sort that out for them. Multi-Media- PowerPoint presentation showing sales figures (how much profit they have made within 2 months). Internal Source- Finance Department. This is in this department because they will have information relating to Sainsbury’s performance including profit and loss figures, balance sheet and the costs of running Sainsbury’s. PowerPoint presentation showing sales figures could be used by updating knowledge for seeing how much profit they have made during a period of time. This is because so they can know what needs to be done IF they are making less profit. It also updates knowledge to see how well they are doing within sales figures. This is important in Sainsbury’s because PowerPoint presentations that show sales figures allows the company to know how much profit they have made and how well they are doing currently. It is important that the finance department deals with this because they will have an amount of information that includes costs, sales and how much profit the company is making.

Ap Chemistry †Gravimetric Lab Essay

By filtering and weighing the carbonate after it has precipitated, the mass and moles of CaCO3 could then be found; with these values, a molar mass of M2CO3 can be found. Using gravimetric analysis, it has been determined that the unknown Group 1 metal carbonate compound is K2CO3 (potassium carbonate). Experimental Sources of Error: A) The first source of error had to do with the precipitation section of the lab. Not only is possible, but it is almost guaranteed that the CaCO3 did not precipitate to its fullest extent. Attaining a precipitate that is 100% pure and is exactly of the composition represented by its chemical formula would be extremely difficult. A second source of error was in the filter paper. No filter paper can be perfect, and it is very likely that it did not filter all of the precipitate, which would then decrease not only the mass of CaCO3, but also the molar mass because only the majority of the correct mass of the precipitate was found; by lowering the mass of a compound, its molar mass will also fall. B) After the precipitate had been filtered and dried, the filer paper that contained the precipitate was mishandled and its contents was scattered all over our lab bench. The dried precipitate had to be then gathered and then put back onto the filter paper; this contributed a large portion of human error to this lab. Spilling the dried precipitate is a source of human because it is almost guaranteed that not all of the precipitate was collected that had been spilled. This would have then lowered the mass of all of the following data, and wholly, our end result (i.e. molar mass). C) Percent error = your result-accepted valueaccepted value x 100 Percent error = 128.79-138.21138.21 x 100 = 6.8157% Considering that any percent error that is under 5% is often times considered accurate, a percent error of 6.8% can be viewed as fairly accurate. It is not too far off to completely disregard, but it is also not close enough to use as fact.